Types of Isomerism and Isomers

Types of Isomerism 

Introduction

Hai readers we have seen that What is Isomerism and definition of types of Isomerism.

Now,today we  discuss about types of Isomerism with examples.

Let's go to see the deep discussion about today topic types of Isomerism and Isomers.

Remembering once 

Isomerism:

                 The compounds have the same molecular formula but differ physical and chemical properties,andare called isomers and phenomenon is called Isomerism.

  

The are two type

Structural isomerism: Structural Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Stereoisomerism:The stereoisomers have the same structural formulas but differ in arrangement of atoms in space.

Types of Isomerism 

I. Structural isomerism

  

           In structural Isomerism the isomers have   the same molecular formula but differ in  structural formulas.That is,in the order in which the different atoms are linked in the molecule. Structural isomerism is of five five types.

A) Chain isomerism 

 

  Chain isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the order of in which the carbon atoms are bonded to each other.

Example1: n-Butane and Isobutane

              

         CH3—CH2—CH2—CH3

                    n-Butane

                                     

Isobutane

In above molecules, n-Butane and Isobutaneexhibits the Chain Isomerism it showed in compounds in which carbon atoms are bonded to each other.

 

Example2: Methylbutane and 2,2 —Dimethylpropane.

2-Methylbutane

  

2,2–Dimethylpropane

 

B) Position isomerism

Position isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the position of a functional group on the carbon cahin.

 Example1: 1–Bromobutane and 2 Bromobutane

Here,the position of functional group at 1Carbon in 1–Bromobutane and the position of functional group at 2 carbon in 2–Bromobutane.

Example2: Propyl alcohol and Isopropyl alcohol 

Propylalcohol and Isopropyly alcohol 

Example3: 1–Butene and 2–Butene

  

         CH3CH2CH =CH2           CH3CH =CHCH3

               1–Butene.                        2–Butene

                                    
*Functional group at 1 st carbon in 1–Butene and 2nd carbon in 2–Butene .

Example4: 2–Pentenone and 3–Pentenone

              

                      2–Pentenone

C) Functional Isomerism

Functional isomers have the same molecular formula but different functional groups.

Example1:Ethylacohol and Dimethyl ether

      

      CH3CH2OH            CH3—O—CH3                 

       Ethylacohol             Dimthylether

Example2:Acetone and propanaldehyde

                                              

      

Propionaldehyde 

D) Metaisomerism

               Due to the unequal distribution of atoms on either side of the functional group .

Example1:Diethylether and Methylpropylether.

CH3CH2—O—CH2CH3 |CH3—O—CH2CH2CH3

   Diethyether                      Methylpropylether

Example2:Diethylamine and Methylpropylamine

  

CH3CH2—NH—CH2CH3|CH3CH2—NH—CH3

         Diethylamine               Methylpropylamine

E) TAUTOMERISM

                It is a Special type of functional isomerism in which the isomers are in dynamic equilibrium with each other.

For example acetoacetate is an equilibrium mixture of the following two forms .At room temperature,the mixture are contains 93% keto form plus 6% of the enol form.

     

Acetoacetate mixture 

                

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